新疆温泉煤田早、中侏罗世孢粉组合及其地层意义*

新疆温泉煤田艾肯拜尔段和柯克它乌组的孢粉化石,计有42属59种.根据孢粉类型和含量变化等特征,建立2个孢粉组合(自下而上):1. Dictyophyllidites-Chordasporites-Jugasporites 组合;2. Cyathidites-Neoraistrickia-Pseudopicea 组合.第一组合产于艾肯拜尔段,时代可能为早侏罗世,第二组合产于柯克它乌组,时代暂定为早、中侏罗世.根据孢粉组合反映的植物群面貌是:裸子植物非常茂盛,其中以松柏纲为主,蕨类植物较少(包括真蕨纲植物);反映的古气候属于温暖湿润的亚热带型.     

神府东胜煤田弃土弃渣体径流产沙过程的野外试验

采用野外模拟降雨试验方法,研究了神府东胜煤田开采造成的弃土弃渣体产流产沙规律及其减水减沙效益.结果表明： 随降雨强度的增大,弃土弃渣体产流的起始时间呈递减趋势,且差异达几倍至十几倍.弃渣体比弃土体更快到达稳定流速,平均流速大小为弃土体>沙多石少弃渣体>沙少石多弃渣体.弃土弃渣体产流6 min后的径流率达到稳定,与降雨强度呈显著相关.弃土弃渣体侵蚀主要发生在产流开始后的前6 min,弃土体产流后前6 min的平均含沙量是6 min后的0.43～4.27倍,弃渣体为1.43～54.93倍.弃土体和沙多石少弃渣体径流量与降雨强度呈线性函数关系,沙少石多弃渣体呈幂函数关系.弃土体和沙少石多弃渣体的次侵蚀量与降雨强度之间分别呈指数函数和幂函数相关.弃土体侵蚀量与径流量呈线性函数关系.在降雨强度为1.0和1.5 mm·min^-1条件下,弃渣体采用鱼鳞坑及植被防护的产流滞后降雨时间为24 min,减水效益为29.5%～52.9%,减沙效益为85.7%～97.9%.     

山东新汶煤田太原组小有孔虫动物群及石炭-二叠系界线的探讨

通过对山东新汶煤田太原组小有孔虫动物群的系统研究,共鉴定出小有孔虫化石24属66种,根据小有孔虫在太原组中的垂向分布和含量的变化,自下而上分为3个小有孔虫组合：1．Brad yina samarica- Palaeotextularia angusta elongata组合,2．Nodosaria sinensis- Tetrataxis组合,3．Geinitzina postacarbonica组合。通过与邻区及华北部分地区的对比,本区太原组小有孔虫动物群的地质时代应归属于早二叠世,其层位大致相当于华北各地太原组(ting)类的Pseudoschwagerina带。     

采煤矿区的生态脆弱性——以内蒙古锡林郭勒草原胜利煤田为例

以锡林郭勒草原胜利煤田为典型研究区,构建了由生态敏感性、自然与社会压力及生态恢复力3方面16个因子组成的生态脆弱性评估指标体系,基于专家打分法和层次分析法建立了生态脆弱性模型,借助遥感及地理信息工具完成了对区域生态脆弱性指数的计算,分析了土地利用与生态脆弱性的关系,并通过空间自相关分析对计算结果进行了全局及局部聚类检验.结果表明： 研究区脆弱性总体属于中等偏高水平;胜利煤田4个露天矿的开采导致采区脆弱性显著增加,由于矿井疏干水和人为活动的影响,矿区周边300～2000 m范围都演变为生态高脆弱性区;随着矿区的进一步开发,整个煤田都将转变为中度和重度脆弱区,而煤炭资源开采是导致区域脆弱性提高的主要因素.全区及局部聚类结果显示,该区域脆弱性空间分布有很好的聚类特征.降低矿区人口密度、控制草地载畜水平、控制建设用地和耕地比率是解决矿区社会经济压力的最佳途径,增加投入、提高植被恢复系数是改变区域生态脆弱性的根本措施.
     

Latest Permian palynomorphs from Jharia Coalfield,Damodar Basin,India and their potential for biostratigraphic correlation

The objective of the present work is to palynologically date the samples collected from Jharia Coalfield. The samples have been collected from an outcrop section exposed across the Damodar river near NH 32 enroute from Bokaro to Dhanbad (23° 43′06.93″N and 86° 12′06.90″E) near Jharia Coalfield of Damodar Basin. Palynological analysis of the samples has revealed that the palynomorph assemblage is characterized by high incidence of Densipollenites spp. in association with dominance of striate bisaccates chiefly Striatopodocarpites spp. and Faunipollenites spp. The other stratigraphically significant taxa recorded in the section are Guttulapollenites hannonicus, Klausipollenites schaubergeri, Alisporites spp. Falcisporites spp. and Lunatisporites spp. On the basis of the palynocomposition the section has been assigned a latest Permian age. Age determination for the section has been inferred by comparison with coeval assemblages from previous Gondwana studies from India and across Gondwana which were compared to the biostratigraphically dated palynological records from Australia (oldest APP6 Zone) as it is one of the few areas in Gondwana where the palynological records have been calibrated against adequately dated marine invertebrate zones. However, comparison with the westernmost portion of Gondwana was difficult due to its mid latitudinal position (c. 20°S) during the Lopingian (late Permian) which lead to an early transition from coal-bearing strata to red-bed and evaporitic deposits in some parts.     

内蒙古乌达煤田早二叠世太原组拥挤始莲座蕨(新种) Eoangiopteris congestus sp. nov.

本文报道发现于内蒙古乌达煤田早二叠世太原组顶部火山凝灰岩层中的莲座蕨类植物一新种Eoangiopteris congestus sp. nov.,标本包含有机连生的辉木型茎干,栉羊齿型营养羽片和始莲座蕨型繁殖羽片。其中营养羽片为三次羽状复叶,末二次和末次羽片均为线形,小羽片栉羊齿型,卵圆形,中脉下延,侧脉分叉一次,属于东方栉羊齿Pecopteris orientalis (Schenk) Potonié类型。繁殖小羽片与营养小羽片同形;两侧对称的聚合囊成单列分布在中脉两侧,排列拥挤,由6–8个孢子囊组成,通过一个薄壁组织构成的聚合囊托与叶片相连;孢子囊呈纺锤形,无环带;孢子囊面向外的壁2–3层细胞厚,面向内的壁厚度仅1层细胞。原位孢子为三缝孢,椭圆形至圆形,表面具小刺状纹饰,可与分散孢子属Apiculatisporites对比。当前始莲座蕨属植物的发现代表其在华夏植物群目前最早的化石记录。此外,这些两侧对称的聚合囊明显区别于以往报道中与东方栉羊齿叶型化石连生的辐射对称聚合囊类型(星囊蕨Asterotheca),表明在古植物学研究中一种化石羽片类型可能对应多种繁殖器官类型。     

山东滕县煤田石炭纪、二叠纪孢粉植物群及古气候

根据前人在原位孢子方面已积累的大量资料,并参考现代孢子花粉形态研究成果,大致推测了本区石炭-二叠纪分散孢子花粉的大多数属的植物亲缘关系。通过已建立的含煤地层孢粉组合带推测相应时期的古植被类型,并与前人有关地质时期及地层的大植物化石带进行了对比,不仅验证了各地质时期植被的兴起、发展、繁盛以及衰退绝灭的历史过程,更大意义上将微体形态的孢子花粉与宏观上的植被进行了对比归类,从而使得对研究区晚古生代含煤地层的古植被的形态面貌有了更直观的了解。最后,利用孢粉分析恢复相应地质时期的古气候。     

Record of Lower Gondwana megafloral assemblage from Lower Kamthi Formation of Ib River Coalfield, Orissa, India

Recent investigations carried out in the Ib River Coalfield, Mahanadi Master Basin, Orissa, identified some fossiliferous beds in the Lower Gondwana deposits. Two exposures of the Lower Kamthi Formation yielded diverse and abundant plant remains, which includeNeomariopteris, Vertebraria, and a scale leaf along with 14Glossopteris species otherwise mapped as Barren Measures and Upper Kamthi formations.Glossopteris indica dominates the flora (22.78%) followed byG. communis (17.72%) andG. browniana (13.92%). Based on megafloral assemblages, different beds exposed at Gopalpur and Laxamanpur Pahar are assigned here to the Lower Kamthi Formation (Late Permian). The floristic composition suggests that a warm and humid climate prevailed during the Late Permian. The status of the Kamthi Formation in the Ib River Coalfield has been redefined in the present study.     

Documents pour servir à la reconstitution de la fronde chez certaines Neuroptéridées

Some datas recently collected are presented to show that the frond in the genus Neuropteris, built on a pseudopennate sympodial dichotomous type, eventually bears, at least in some species, a certain number of lateral portions below the general ending as an apical bifurcation.